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for

The for loop is a control flow statement that allows code to be executed repeatedly based on a condition. Soul supports the classic C-style for loop with initialization, condition, and increment components.

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Basic For Loop

The standard for loop syntax with initialization, condition, and increment: 
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    println("Iteration: " + i)
}
// Output: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

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For Loop Components

A for loop consists of three parts: 
for (initialization; condition; increment) {
    // Loop body
}

// Example with explicit parts
for (counter = 1; counter <= 10; counter++) {
    println("Counter: " + counter)
}

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Different Initialization Patterns

Various ways to initialize the loop variable: 
// Start from 0
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    println("i: " + i)
}

// Start from 1
for (i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
    println("i: " + i)
}

// Start from a specific value
for (i = 10; i >= 0; i--) {
    println("Countdown: " + i)
}

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Different Increment Patterns

Various ways to modify the loop variable: 
// Increment by 1
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    println(i)
}

// Increment by 2
for (i = 0; i < 10; i += 2) {
    println("Even: " + i)
}

// Decrement
for (i = 10; i > 0; i--) {
    println("Countdown: " + i)
}

// Multiply by 2
for (i = 1; i < 100; i *= 2) {
    println("Power of 2: " + i)
}

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For Loops with Arrays

Iterating through arrays using index: 
numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]

for (i = 0; i < numbers.length(); i++) {
    println("Index " + i + ": " + numbers[i])
}

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For Loops with Strings

Iterating through string characters: 
text = "Hello"

for (i = 0; i < text.length(); i++) {
    println("Character " + i + ": " + text[i])
}

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Nested For Loops

For loops can be nested for multi-dimensional processing: 
// Multiplication table
for (i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
    for (j = 1; j <= 5; j++) {
        result = i * j
        print(result + "\t")
    }
    println("")  // New line after each row
}

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For Loops with Complex Conditions

Using complex conditions and multiple variables: 
// Multiple conditions
for (i = 0, j = 10; i < j; i++, j--) {
    println("i: " + i + ", j: " + j)
}

// Complex condition
for (i = 0; i < 100 && isPrime(i); i++) {
    println("Prime: " + i)
}

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For Loops with Break and Continue

Controlling loop execution: 
// Using break
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    if (i == 5) {
        break  // Exit loop when i equals 5
    }
    println("i: " + i)
}

// Using continue
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    if (i % 2 == 0) {
        continue  // Skip even numbers
    }
    println("Odd: " + i)
}

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For Loops in Data Processing

Common patterns for processing data: 
// Sum calculation
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
sum = 0

for (i = 0; i < numbers.length(); i++) {
    sum += numbers[i]
}
println("Sum: " + sum)

// Finding maximum
values = [23, 45, 12, 67, 34]
max = values[0]

for (i = 1; i < values.length(); i++) {
    if (values[i] > max) {
        max = values[i]
    }
}
println("Maximum: " + max)

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For Loops with Functions

Calling functions within for loops: 
soul processItem(item, index) {
    return "Item " + index + ": " + item.toUpperCase()
}

items = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

for (i = 0; i < items.length(); i++) {
    processed = processItem(items[i], i)
    println(processed)
}

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For Loops with Objects

Iterating through object properties using indices: 
user = {
    "name": "Alice",
    "age": 30,
    "email": "alice@example.com"
}

keys = user.keys()
for (i = 0; i < keys.length(); i++) {
    key = keys[i]
    value = user[key]
    println(key + ": " + value)
}

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Infinite For Loops

Creating infinite loops (use with caution): 
// Infinite loop - be careful!
for (;;) {
    input = readInput()
    if (input == "quit") {
        break
    }
    processInput(input)
}

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For Loops with Error Handling

Handling errors within for loops: 
urls = ["http://example1.com", "http://example2.com", "http://example3.com"]

for (i = 0; i < urls.length(); i++) {
    try {
        response = fetchData(urls[i])
        processResponse(response)
    } catch (error) {
        println("Error fetching " + urls[i] + ": " + error)
        continue  // Skip to next URL
    }
}

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Performance Considerations

Optimizing for loop performance: 
// Cache array length
items = getItems()
length = items.length()

for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
    processItem(items[i])
}

// Avoid expensive operations in loop condition
for (i = 0; i < items.length(); i++) {  // length() called each iteration
    processItem(items[i])
}

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Best Practices

  1. Use meaningful variable names: index instead of i when clarity is important
  2. Cache array lengths: Store length in a variable for better performance
  3. Use appropriate increment: Choose the right increment pattern for your needs
  4. Handle edge cases: Check for empty arrays or invalid indices
// Good - clear and efficient
soul processUserData(users) {
    userCount = users.length()
    
    for (index = 0; index < userCount; index++) {
        user = users[index]
        
        if (user.isActive) {
            processActiveUser(user)
        }
    }
}

// Better - with validation
soul processUserData(users) {
    if (users == null || users.length() == 0) {
        return
    }
    
    for (index = 0; index < users.length(); index++) {
        user = users[index]
        if (user != null && user.isActive) {
            processActiveUser(user)
        }
    }
}
The for loop is essential for controlled iteration and is particularly useful when you need access to the current index or want precise control over the iteration process.
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